Description:
Basic concepts of matter and its classification; mass relationships in chemical reactions; properties of gases, liquids, and solids; concepts of thermochemistry; the quantum theory and electronic behavior; the periodic relationship of elements in the periodic table; intramolecular forces; and solutions.
Overview:
Chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms, molecules, and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior, and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.
Chemistry is also sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant chemistry (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the properties of the soil on the moon (cosmochemistry), how medications work (pharmacology), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene (forensics).
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Topics:
1. The Study of Chemistry
a. Introduction to Chemistry
b. Matter: Classification, States, Physical, and Chemical Properties
c. Measurement and Handling of Numbers
2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
a. The Atomic Theory
b. The Structure of the Atom
c. Atomic Number, Mass Number, Isotopes
d. The Periodic Table
e. Molecules and Ions
f. Chemical Formulas
g. Naming Compounds
3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reaction
a. Atomic Mass
b. Molar Mass of an Element and Avogadro's Number
c. Molecular Mass
d. Percent Composition of Compounds
e. Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations
f. Amounts of Reactants and Products
g. Limiting Reagents
h. Reaction Yield
4. Gases
a. Substances That Exist as Gases
b. Pressure of a Gas
c. The Gas Laws
d. The Ideal Gas Equation
e. Gas Stoichiometry
f. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
g. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
h. Deviation from Ideal Behavior
5. Thermochemistry
a. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
b. Introduction to Thermodynamics
c. Enthalpy
6. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
a. From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory
b. Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
c. The Dual Nature of the Electron
d. Quantum Mechanics
e. Quantum Numbers
f. Atomic Orbitals
g. Electron Configuration
h. The Building-Up Principle
7. Periodic Relationships Among the Elements
a. Periodic Classification of the Elements
b. Periodic Variation in Physical Properties
c. Ionization Energy
d. Electron Affinity
8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
a. Lewis Dot Structure
b. The Ionic Bond
c. The Covalent Bond
d. Electronegativity
e. Writing Lewis Structure
f. The Concept of Resonance
g. Bond Energy
9. Chemical Bonding: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization
a. Molecular Geometry
b. Dipole Moments
c. The Valence Bond Theory
d. Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
e. Hybridization in Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bonds
10. Intermolecular Forces in Liquids and Solids
a. The KMT of Liquids and Solids
b. Intermolecular Forces
c. Properties of Liquids
d. Crystalline vs. Amorphous Solids
e. Phase Changes
f. Phase Diagrams
11. Physical Properties of Solutions
a. Types of Solutions
b. A Molecular View of the Solution Process
c. Concentration Units
d. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
e. Colligative Properties
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