Ethics

Description:

    Morality pertains to the standards of right and wrong that an individual originally picks up from the community. The course discusses the context and principles of ethical behavior in modern society at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the environment and other shared resources. The course teaches to make moral decisions by using dominant moral frameworks and by applying a seven-step moral reasoning model to analyze and solve moral dilemmas.

    The course is organized according to the three (3) main elements of the moral experience: (a) agent, including context - cultural, communal, and environmental; (b) the act; and (c) reason or framework (for the act). This course includes the mandatory topic on taxation (CHED, 2017).

Overview:

    Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value; these fields comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology (the philosophical study of value).

    Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.

      Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are (1) Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determined; (2) Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action; (3) Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action.

Read More:
(1) What is Ethics? - Markkula Center for Applied Ethics

(2) What is ethics? We have the answer - The Ethics Centre

(3) Ethics - Introduction to ethics: Ethics: a general ... - BBC

(4) Ethical Dilemma - Definition, How to Solve, and Examples

(5) Ethics: Guide to moral and ethical issues - BBC

Watch:
(1) What is Ethics?

      by The Ethics Centre [4:55] | YouTube

(2) Ethics vs Morality (Philosophical Distinctions)

      by Carneades.org [3:14] | YouTube

(3) Relativism: Is it wrong to judge other cultures? | A-Z of ISMs Episode 18 - BBC Ideas

      by BBC Ideas [2:57] | YouTube

(4) Ethical dilemma: The burger murders - George Siedel and Christine Ladwig

      by TED-Ed [5:45] | YouTube

(5) Would you sacrifice one person to save five? - Eleanor Nelsen

      by TED-Ed [4:55] | YouTube

Topics:

INTRODUCTION: KEY CONCEPTS

1. Basic Concepts
        a. Moral vs. Non-moral Standards
        b. What are Dilemmas?
        c. Three levels of Moral Dilemmas (Individual, Organizational, Systemic)
        d. Foundation of Morality: Freedom-Responsibility
        e. Reason and Impartiality

THE MORAL AGENT

2. Culture in Moral Behavior
        a. Culture and Its Role in Moral Behavior
        b. Cultural Relativism
        c. Filipino Understanding of Moral Behavior: Strengths and Weakness
        d. Universal Values

3. The Moral Agent: Developing Virtue as Habit
        a. Moral Character Development
        b. Stages of Moral Development

THE ACT

4. Feelings and Moral Decision-making
        a. Feelings as Instinctive and Trained Response to Moral Dilemmas

5. Reason and Impartiality as Minimum Requirements for Morality
        a. Reason and Impartiality Defined
        b. The 7-Step Moral Reasoning Model

6. Moral Courage
        a. Why the Will is as Important as Reason?
        b. Developing the Will

FRAMEWORKS AND PRINCIPLES BEHIND OUR MORAL DISPOSITION FRAMEWORKS

7. Virtue Ethics
        a. Aristotle
                i. Telos
                ii. Virtue as Habit
                iii. Happiness as Virtue
        b. St. Thomas: Natural Law
                i. The Nature and its Tenets
                ii. Happiness as Constitutive of Moral and Cardinal Virtues
        c. Kant
                i. Good Will
                ii. Categorical Imperative
        d. Different Kinds of Rights
                i. Legal
                ii. Moral

8. Utilitarianism
        a. Origins and Nature of Theory
        b. Business' Fascination with Utilitarianism

9. Justice and Fairness: Promoting the Common Good
        a. The Nature of the Theory
        b. Distributive Justice
                i. Egalitarian
                ii. Capitalist
                iii. Socialist
                iv. State and Citizen Responsibility (Principles of Taxation

                 and Inclusive Growth)

ETHICS AND RELIGION

10. Pluralism and Fundamentalism: The Search for Universal Values
        a. Globalization and Pluralism
        b. Challenges of Millennials and Filinnials
        c. The Role of Religion in Ethics

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